Converter
geodetic reference point · Geodesy / surveying · Historical-modern
geodetic bench mark
reference-only
- Record
- M600
- Definition quality
- Standardized
- Conversion mode
- reference only
- Calculator
- Reference only
Definition
A geodetic bench mark is a physical reference mark whose surveyed position or height is recorded within a geodetic reference system.
History & use
NOAA's National Geodetic Survey uses bench marks and GNSS observations to evaluate height/geoid relationships.
Modern use
Modern use is context-dependent and varies by region or measurement system.
Sources & evidence
Source tier — · confidence high
- David B. Zilkoski, Edward E. Carlson, Curtis L. Smith; NOAA National Geodetic Survey — https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/NGS592008069FINAL2.pdf
- Kevin Ahlgren, Galen Scott, David Zilkoski, Brian Shaw, Nagendra Paudel; NOAA National Geodetic Survey — https://geodesy.noaa.gov/library/pdfs/NOAA_TR_NOS_NGS_0072.pdf